Hiya Fawda and Corruption

By Logan Wilson

“Hiya Fawda” is an Egyptian cinematic film directed by Youssef Chahine and Khaled Youssef. The film, released in 2007, translates to “Hey, it’s Chaos” in English. The film’s genre is typically referred to as a melodrama or drama, which includes a great deal of satire. Hiya Fawda focuses on many heavy subjects and issues such as chaos, corruption and abuse in Egyptian society. The film focuses on multiple different characters and their interactions with one another, as they experience life in Cairo, Egypt. The film focuses on the challenges that civilians face, demonstrating the corrupt bureaucratic system. The main characters in the film find themselves in difficult situations where they must decide what is morally right or wrong. 

In the film, Youssef Chahine narrows in on controversial topics in Egypt, bringing awareness and sparking conversation about the police terrorism that was occurring at the time. The film is a powerful observation of the state of contemporary Egypt, encouraging the audience to look deeper into the corruption of the government. It displays the chaotic aspects of Egyptian society, which serves as a representation and symbolism of the political state of the country. While the film experienced mixed reviews, many critics applauded Youssef Chahine for showcasing the real and bold themes. 

Chahine opens the film with a powerful scene. Police officers and civilians engage in a violent interaction. While the civilians are protesting, This opening scene is a shocking attention-grabber for the audience, and showcases the brutality of the police. This scene also opens up the audience to Hatem’s control. It also sets the tone for the rest of the film, foreshadowing the chaos and turmoil that will follow. 

Innocent people are captured and imprisoned, and some of them are even killed under Hatem’s control. Throughout the film, Chahine highlights the ways in which Hatem abuses his power, which allows him to get away with such violent behavior. 

In the film, Hatem’s character is revealed as an all-powerful man who has control over almost all aspects of society. His decisions are what inflict most of the corruption on the civilians. The film explores the multifaceted aspects of Hatem’s life, exposing him as a pathetic man. It shows his infatuation with his teacher, and his inappropriate acts towards a woman much younger than him. His character is essential in the development of the film, being that his emotional development emphasizes the corrupt nature of Egyptian politics. 

“Hiya Fawda” highlights the struggles faced by the authentic characters in the film, as they navigate the corruption and manipulation that they face in their home country. Overall, the film explores very complex themes that address the many social and political issues in Egyptian society. Chahine elaborates on these themes in a very interesting way, creating a story that draws in audience members yet also encouraging them to think critically. While the ideas are quite controversial, the realism of the story highlights powerful character development that draws in the audience. “Hiya Fawda” is a compelling and unique film, critiquing contemporary Egypt. 

Ali Zaoua: Considering the Effects of Poverty

By Tiffany Zalweski

Despite Morocco’s efforts, poverty is still a prevalent issue, although declining. One film that captures this is Ali Zaoua. The film Ali Zaoua displays the streets of Morocco through the eyes of three young boys: Kwita, Omar, and Boubker. The boys recently defected from their gang full of other young boys, with their friend Ali Zaoua joining them. However, tragically, members of the gang accidentally kill Ali after throwing a rock at his head. Thus begins the three boys’ journey to give their friend a proper burial.

Throughout the film, there are many details of life in Morocco for many children. The boys do not attend school and are homeless, but they are also too young to gain formal, steady employment. The boys take on odd jobs, such as selling cigarettes and small trinkets and crafts on the streets to passing cars. Kwita also steals a wallet from a girl in one scene. Without an apprenticeship to learn a trade or a formal education, it will become increasingly difficult for the boys to get off the streets one day. It is unknown if the boys ever went to school at all, meaning that it is possible that they are entirely illiterate, further decreasing their chances. These factors are what maintain criminal activity on the streets, as legal pay is not as attainable for those impoverished.

At one point, the boys go to visit Ali’s mom to tell her he is dead. Only Omar makes it inside her home and speaks to her. In this scene, the boys’ condition becomes more apparent, as the mother begins to comment on Omar’s appearance and poor hygiene. As the boys would not have access to proper hygiene products, it is likely that they suffer the effects of this beyond smell. Poor hygiene can also lead to sickness, dental issues, and infection. Not only can this be painful and debilitating, but infections can be lethal or lead to amputations if left untreated. As the boys do not have any means of making or keeping money, they have no access to healthcare, possibly reducing their lifespan. They also do not have access to food that is entirely safe to eat or free from any harmful bacteria, and in one scene the boys even eat sardines from a box on the floor. This could also lead to severe illness, as it is not clear whether the fish were raw or cooked or where exactly they came from.

Kwita and Omar get into an argument after an encounter with Dib, the leader of the gang, and this argument quickly turns physical. In this interaction, the boys demonstrate how violent the children become when exposed to crime and lacking a nurturing environment. Omar holds a broken glass to Kwita’s neck while Boubker pleads for them to stop fighting. The audience often sees the innocence of the boys through Boubker and his displays of childish humor, but in this scene, it is viewed through Boubker’s fear. Omar describes Kwita as a coward and graphically describes the rape and assault he endured because of it. In this, the film reveals that no crime is unknown to the streets, even when they are filled with children. It is a stark reality that mostly goes unaddressed due to the topic being considered taboo.

Ali Zaoua shares a story that is insightful and critical to the understanding of poverty in Morocco. The director identifies several social issues within Moroccan society, such as prostitution, rape, and the poverty crisis. All of these issues are interconnected, as crime rate typically rises with the poverty percentage. Ali Zaoua is a call to action that raises awareness and begs for change for the betterment of Morroco.

My home in Libya

By Charles Sonalia

In the touching film My Home in Libya,  directed by Martina Melilli, the narrative begins with a compelling exploration of self-identity, memory, and the constant looking for a sense of belonging in order to “rekindle” her family. Through direct scenes and evidence from the film, viewers are sent through the journey of Martina Melilli as she deals with her family’s history and the unfavorable displacement.

One key scene that shows Martina’s desire for connection is when she sits down to sketch a map of the city, cautiously tracing the places that hold memories of her grandparents. This  representation becomes a symbolic act of storytelling, as Martina attempts to navigate the ruins of her family’s past and find her place within it. The camera hangs around on Martina’s hands as she draws, shedding light on  her emotions and the desire for her  to have a sense of home. Another compelling moment occurs when Martina finds a connection with online communication with a young man from Libya named Mahmoud. During their digital exchanges, the viewers of the film get to see the combination of two worlds and the bridges of geographical divides. In one particular exchange, Mahmoud shares stories from his own life in Libya, giving Martina a view into a world she has never known. These major conversations are a major character building moment within the film, serving as a catalyst for Martina’s “soul searching”, causing her to confront the complexities of memory and the fluidity of identity.

The film also strategically mixes the  historical context with personal narrative, putting the spotlight on the major negative implications of displacement. In a flashback scene, viewers are taken to the political turmoil of 1969, as Antonio Melilli and thousands of other Italians are exiled from Libya following the major government overthrow (coup d’etat) of  Gaddafi. This major moment in history shadows largely over Martina’s journey, building her understanding of self and family.

As Martina goes deeper and deeper into her family’s history, she deals with the selective nature of memory and the ways in which it shapes personal stories. In a short moment of recollection, Martina confides in Mahmoud about her struggles to fully grasp and understand her Italian heritage with her family’s connection to Libya. Through their dialogue, viewers are meant to think about the intricacies of cultural identity and the shifting ideals behind a sense of belonging.

All in all, My Home in Libya is a cinematic masterpiece that allows a connection with viewers on a major emotional level. Through its vivid storytelling and deep character development, the film invites audiences to embark on a journey of self-discovery and introspection. By tying together direct scenes and evidence from the film, viewers are transported into Martina’s world, where the search for identity and belonging takes center stage. In an era marked by geopolitical disruption and cultural changeability, My Home in Libya  serves as a steady reminder of the  human longing for connection, understanding, and a place to call home.

Works Cited

My Home in Libya [Martina Melilli] (2018)

Rachida: Hope among despair

by Vanessa Rivera & Lucia Villanustreby

In Algerian cinema, few films have managed to paint a picture as vivid and heartwrenching as Rachida, Directed by Yamina Bachir, the film navigates through the tumultuous landscape of Algeria in the 1990s, a time marred by extreme violence and societal upheaval. Rachida stands as a beacon of storytelling and the film ventures into the heart of societal upheaval and personal turmoil. Rachida, a young schoolteacher, serves as the embodiment of resilience and grit amidst chaos. At the heart of this narrative is Rachida, whose ordinary life is brutally interrupted by a terrorist attack, forcing her into a journey of survival, identity, and resilience. This blog aims to delve into the intricate layers of conflict and personal struggle depicted in the film, exploring not just the socio-political commentary but also the profound human emotions that resonate with viewers globally. 

The opening scenes of Rachida establish a serene, almost idyllic setting, creating a stark contrast to the undercurrents of fear and tension that permeate the society. The ordinary life of Rachida, played with compelling authenticity by Ibtissem Djouadi, is shattered when she is confronted by terrorists demanding she plant a bomb in her school. Her refusal, an act of sheer bravery and moral fortitude, sets the tone for the rest of the film. This moment propels the narrative forward, plunging Rachida and the audience into the harrowing realities of a country ravaged by internal conflict.

As Rachida’s journey unfolds, the film meticulously portrays the psychological and physical landscapes she navigates. After surviving a brutal attack, Rachida’s world is irrevocably changed. She finds herself displaced, moving from the bustling streets of Algiera to the remote countryside. This transition from urban to rural settings is not just a change of scenery; it symbolizes Rachida’s transition from a life of normalcy to one of survival. The contrast between the two environments serves as a poignant backdrop to the internal turmoil experienced by Rachida and those around her.

One of the most compelling aspects of Rachida is its unflinching portrayal of the impact of terrorism on ordinary lives. Through the eyes of Rachida, the audience is confronted with the harsh reality of living under the shadow of constant threat. The film does not shy away from depicting the brutality of the violence, nor does it romanticize the suffering of its characters. Instead, it presents a raw, unvarnished look at the physical and emotional scars left by such violence. The film also delves into the themes of resilience and hope amidst despair. Despite the atrocities she faces, Rachida’s spirit remains unbroken. This resilience is mirrored in the characters around her, particularly the women, who are depicted as pillars of strength and endurance. Through these portrayals, the film pays tribute to the silent resilience of women who bear the brunt of conflict but continue to hold their families and communities together.

In dissecting Rachida, it is impossible to overlook the cinematographic choices that enhance the storytelling. The use of natural lighting, close-up shots, and the stark contrast between the vibrant cityscape and the desolate countryside all contribute to the film’s emotional depth and realism. When the audience looks closely at how Rachida was filmed, it is clear that every little detail was carefully thought out to make the story even more powerful. For example, the natural lighting does not just show us what things look like, it also represents the small bit of hope that shines through even in difficult times. Close-up shots let us see the characters’ feelings up close, so the audience gets to understand what they are going through. And when we see the busy city scenes compared to the quiet countryside, it reminds the audience of the big difference between city chaos and peaceful country life. These elements not only serve to heighten the sense of immediacy and intimacy but also to underscore the film’s underlying themes of contrast: between peace and violence, hope and despair, and life and death.

Expanding further on the exploration of Rachida, it is important to dive deeper into the socio-political context that underlines the narrative. Algeria in the 1990s was a nation struggling with the aftermath of a civil war and a surge of Islamist insurgency. Against this historical background, Rachida serves as a heartfelt reflection of how the conflict had affected people. The character of Rachida embodies the collective trauma experienced by ordinary Algerians caught in the crossfire of ideological strife. Her journey from innocence to experience shows the nation’s transition from stability to chaos. The film offers a nuanced portrayal of the complexities of identity in a society torn apart by violence. Rachida’s refusal to comply with the terrorists’ demands showcases her moral integrity as well as underscores her unwavering sense of self. In a place where people change their loyalties often and it is hard to trust anyone, Rachida’s determination inspires everyone who knows her. 

Another aspect worth exploring is the role of education as a beacon of hope during turmoil. As a schoolteacher, Rachida embodies the transformative power of knowledge and enlightenment. Despite the dangers lurking outside the confines of her classroom, Rachida remains committed to nurturing the minds of her students, instilling in them the values of compassion, tolerance, and resilience. Additionally, Rachida shines a light on how communities stay strong in adversity. Beyond Rachida herself, the film portrays a diverse array of characters dealing with the consequences of violence. From Rachida’s mother staying strong, to women supporting each other through tough times, the film highlights how people can overcome even the hardest challenges. 

In conclusion, Rachida is a film that goes beyond the confines of traditional cinema to offer a nuanced and deep exploration of identity, resilience, and hope. With its interesting story, well-developed characters, and beautiful cinematography, the film leaves an impression on viewers, prompting reflection on the universal themes of courage, morality, and strength found within people. As Algeria continues its journey of healing and reconciliation, Rachida stands as an important reminder that even in hard times, there is always hope. 

Hiya Fawda: Justice Is Served?

By TAYLEY COTTON

Hiya Fawda is a melodramatic film that openly criticizes the corruption of the Egyptian law enforcement through the story of a preventable rape. Hatem is a pathetic, little man; he uses torture and other fear tactics to coerce people into submitting to him. His cowardice is satirical, and it slightly brightens the film’s dark themes. Unfortunately, this story does not have a happy ending; there is no justice for Nour. This blog post examines the concept of brutality through the satirical character Hatem, and how that demonstrates the corruption within the Egyptian government.

            The progression of Hatem exercising control over others throughout this film is nothing short of brutal. In his drive for power, the audience sees him commit heinous crimes. For instance, when Hatem is extremely angry, he tortures the prisoners just to feel a sense of control over himself. His methods for emotional regulation are inhumane. Later, it is revealed that these prisoners are being unlawfully detained. But the law enforcement officials protect each other, which reinforces the current corrupt system and allows for the continuation of mass police brutality in the streets. Eventually, the civilians realize they are much larger in numbers compared to the police force, which demonstrates the sheer psychological control that the police officials once held over the civilians. This in and of itself is brutal, as the systems that are put in place to protect people, instead, actively harm them.

Hatem’s brutality is also revealed when he abuses his power to kidnap and rape Nour. No one tries to stop him, because they know he will target them if they disobey his orders. Thinking he is not going to face repercussions for his unlawful actions, Hatem feels entitled to Nour’s body. As the next sinister events unfold, the audience is forced to see Nour’s helplessness. This part of the film is utterly gut-wrenching. Hatem’s crimes and the law enforcement’s unwillingness to hold one another accountable ultimately reflect a deep, systemic problem of the corruption of the government. While Nour’s rapist is dead, the same corrupt law enforcement is in power, and the corrupt system has not changed. There is no happy ending for Nour; her trauma is a brutal punishment for a crime she does not commit.

Hiya Fawda successfully demonstrates the corruption within the Egyptian government through Hatem’s brutality. While Hatem’s character is fictional and satirical, this film clearly portrays the government as an unjust power due to the law enforcement’s crimes of unchecked torture and rape and police brutality. Furthermore, Hatem’s character repeatedly demonstrates how the government deliberately endangers its innocent civilians without remorse, revealing that the government does not protect, but rather, it harms its own people. However, there is a sliver of hope for the people living under the Egyptian government. While the system itself may not change overnight immediately following Hatem’s demise, the people realize they are capable of demanding justice, as they are far greater in numbers. This sets the precedent for the people demanding change. It instills hope into and boosts the morale of those who dare to stand for what is just.

Works Cited

Hiya Fawda. Directed by Youssef Chahine, and Khaled Youssef, created by Nasser Abdel

Rahman. Misr International Films, 2007.